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Table 2 Association between frequency of breakfast intake during pregnancy and children’s developmental delays at 2 years

From: Association between frequency of breakfast intake before and during pregnancy and developmental delays in children: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study

 

Frequency of breakfast intake

P for trend1

Everyday

5–6 times/week

3–4 times/week

0–2 times/week

Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals)

Pre- to early pregnancy

 Case/total (%)

835/5854 (14.3)

94/657 (14.3)

71/430 (16.5)

105/550 (19.1)

 

 Crude

1.00

1.00

(0.80–1.26)

1.19

(0.91–1.55)

1.42

(1.13–1.78)

0.002

 Adjusted2

1.00

0.95

(0.75–1.21)

1.09

(0.83–1.44)

1.30

(1.02–1.66)

0.04

Early to mid-pregnancy

 Case/total (%)

873/6161 (14.2)

92/630 (14.6)

60/352 (17.1)

80/348 (23.0)

 

 Crude

1.00

1.04

(0.82–1.31)

1.25

(0.94–1.66)

1.81

(1.39–2.34)

< 0.0001

 Adjusted2

1.00

0.98

(0.77–1.25)

1.22

(0.90–1.65)

1.75

(1.32–2.32)

0.0004

  1. 1P for trend was calculated as trends across categories
  2. 2Multivariable logistic models were adjusted for age at delivery, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, employment status, educational level, smoking, alcohol intake, morning sickness, insomnia, psychological distress, postnatal bonding disorder, folic acid, intake of cereal, meat, seafood, beans, vegetables, and fruit, child sex, and breastfeeding at 1 year
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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