Fig. 3
Rates of T2D remission and normoglycemia as well as changes in glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretory response following the low-calorie diet intervention (A) Proportion of participants achieving T2D remission (HbA1c < 6.5% after being off medication for ≥ 3 months) and normoglycemia (HbA1c < 5.7% after being off medication for ≥ 3 months) at 6 months. (B) Change in HbA1c level during 6-month intervention. (C) Change in fasting plasma glucose during 6-month intervention. (D) Change in continuous glucose monitoring outcomes during 6-month intervention. (E) Rates of T2D remission and normoglycemia at different weight loss targets achieved at 6 months. (F) Change in insulin sensitivity assessed by insulin tolerance test during 6-month intervention. (G) Change in insulin secretory response assessed by arginine stimulation test during 6-month intervention. Error bars show the 95% confidence intervals. ACR = acute C-peptide response. AIR = acute insulin response. INSAUC = area under the curve of insulin. FD = formula diet. OR = odds ratio. RFD = real food-based diet. T2D = type 2 diabetes. TAR = time above range (> 10 mmol/L). TBR = time below range (< 3.9 mmol/L). TIR = time in range (3.9–10 mmol/L). ACR, AIR and INSAUC were standardized before analysis. For binary outcomes, results from both the intention-to-treat analysis and complete case analysis are provided. Specific data are shown in Table S2