Dietary riboflavin (vitamin B2) intake and osteoporosis in U.S. female adults: unveiling of association and exploration of potential molecular mechanisms

Table 4 Association between dietary total vitamin B2 intake and hip fracture

Characteristics	Model 1 OR (95%CI) P-value	Model 2 OR (95%CI) P-value	Model 3 OR (95%CI) P-value
Vitamin B2	1.001 (0.770, 1.301) 0.993	0.994 (0.759, 1.301) 0.963	1.203 (0.915, 1.582) 0.184
Vitamin B2 quartile
Q1	Reference	Reference	Reference
Q2	0.832 (0.424, 1.634) 0.593	0.811 (0.408, 1.610) 0.549	1.134 (0.549, 2.341) 0.733
Q3	0.960 (0.489, 1.884) 0.905	0.967 (0.483, 1.934) 0.923	1.541 (0.708, 3.350) 0.275
Q4	0.991 (0.461, 2.129) 0.981	0.977 (0.443, 2.151) 0.953	1.903 (0.738, 4.906) 0.182
P for trend	0.988	0.991	0.143

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent task; PIR, ratio of family income to poverty; ALP, Alkaline phosphatase, OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Model 1, no covariates were adjusted. Model 2, demographic covariates were adjusted, including age, race, education, marital status, and PIR. Model 3, based on Model 2, was additionally adjusted for covariates of BMI, prednisone or cortisone intake, milk consumption, Vitamin D supplement, diabetes, smoking, menopause, total MET, serum albumin, serum ALP, serum total calcium, serum phosphorus, and energy intake

ISSN: 1475-2891